{"id":34449,"date":"2021-10-18T12:00:47","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T10:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/?p=34449"},"modified":"2021-11-09T09:25:08","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T08:25:08","slug":"tisagcs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/tisagcs\/","title":{"rendered":"Today in space: the Apollo guidance computer software"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"34449\" class=\"elementor elementor-34449\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7a181a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7a181a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-thegem\"><div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53abaac\" data-id=\"53abaac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cb1817 flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cb1817\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We are aware of\u00a0how challenging it can\u00a0be\u00a0to code\u00a0software\u00a0from scratch.\u00a0Now imagine that human lives depend on\u00a0that code, and those lives are the ones of the\u00a0astronauts\u00a0who will set the first foot on the Moon.\u00a0Exciting, and a little scary, isn&#8217;t it?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We know a lot about the Apollo 11 mission, about its story,\u00a0protagonists,\u00a0and results; but how much do we know about the software that was developed to make all this possible?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96ac17d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ac17d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-thegem\"><div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d98b48c\" data-id=\"d98b48c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8e83d6 flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8e83d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6><span style=\"color: #336fa1;\"><b>The birth of software engineering:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the 60\u2019s the concept of software engineering was still not clear, and it was a result of a trial-and-error process related to large-size military, civilian, and spaceborne systems development. Without a methodology in place, it was necessary to define the stages in the software development cycle and provide documentation at each step to help control the production of software.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <img class=\"alignright wp-image-34453\" src=\"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1024px-Apollo_program.svg-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"228\" height=\"228\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"none\">To fulfill this task, NASA developed a specific set of review points that paralleled the software development cycle:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Critical Design Review (CDR)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">This is a multi-disciplined technical review to ensure that a system can proceed into fabrication, demonstration, and test and can meet stated performance requirements within cost, schedule, and risk.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">First Article Configuration Inspection (FACI)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A planned, complete, independent, and documented inspection and verification process to ensure that prescribed production processes have produced an item conforming to engineering drawings, DPD, planning, purchase order, engineering specifications, and\/or other applicable design documents. This step marked the completion of the development stage and placed the software code under configuration control<\/span> <span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Customer Acceptance Readiness Review (CARR)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">After the completion of all the tests, this review certified that the validation process resulted in the desired software.<\/span> <span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Flight Readiness Review (FRR)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">This\u00a0was the last step in clearing the software for flight.\u00a0The FRR examined tests, demonstrations, analyses, and audits that determined the overall system readiness for a safe and successful flight\/launch and for subsequent flight operations. It also ensured that all flight and ground hardware, software, personnel, and procedures were operationally ready.<\/span> <span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Apollo software was already defined in 1963 and the designers agreed to assign to it an extensive list of tasks, such as:<br \/><img class=\"wp-image-34452 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Agc_view-300x159.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"200\" \/><\/span><\/p><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Controlling aborts.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Targeting.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Navigation and flight control.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Attitude\u00a0determination and control.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Digital autopilot tasks.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">All maneuvers involving velocity changes.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08671e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08671e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-thegem\"><div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7d7b1\" data-id=\"5e7d7b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba00a5d flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba00a5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6><span style=\"color: #336fa1;\"><b>development limitations: <\/b><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The development of such complex software faced several issues:\u00a0Real-time flight software development on this scale was a new experience for both NASA and\u00a0MIT\u00a0(Massachusetts Institute of Technology).\u00a0Memory limitations were a constant problem, while new tricky programming techniques\u00a0allowed\u00a0to implement features that would otherwise\u00a0have been\u00a0abandoned.\u00a0Despite valiant validation efforts, software bugs remained in released programs, forcing adjustments by users. By 1966, a\u00a0May software status memo stated that not only would the programs for the AS504 mission (earth orbit with a LEM) exceed the memory capacity by 11,800 words but that the delivery date for the simpler AS207\/208 programs would be too late for the scheduled launch115.<br \/><br \/><\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><img class=\"alignright wp-image-34454\" src=\"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1024px-Apollo_11_Lunar_Module_Eagle_in_landing_configuration_in_lunar_orbit_from_the_Command_and_Service_Module_Columbia-300x270.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"367\" height=\"331\" data-wp-editing=\"1\" \/><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">At this point developers had to work creatively, as\u00a0stated by one of\u00a0MIT\u00a0top managers:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201c<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If you are limited in program capacity &#8230; you have to fix. You have to get ingenious, and as soon as you start to get ingenious you get intermeshing programs, programs that depend upon others and utilize other parts of those, and many things are going on simultaneously. So it gets difficult to assign out little task groups to program part of the computer; you have to do it with a very technical team that understands all the interactions on all these things.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"none\">When MIT realized that the software release was not on schedule, they made a mistake that\u00a0many companies still do these days:\u00a0throw more bodies into the project.\u00a0As many as 50 people were added to the programming staff,\u00a0causing an increase in both\u00a0miscommunications\u00a0and\u00a0the time\u00a0necessary to train newcomers.\u00a0The prediction of Howard W. &#8220;Bill&#8221; Tindall proved themselves true:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<br \/><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201c<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">The computer programs for the Apollo spacecraft will soon become the most pacing item for the Apollo flight<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">s.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3feb2a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3feb2a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-thegem\"><div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dbd07ed\" data-id=\"dbd07ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c340db flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c340db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6><span style=\"color: #336fa1;\"><b>what we learned: <\/b><\/span><\/h6><p><span data-contrast=\"none\">It was by overcoming the problems of the Apollo software, that NASA successfully landed\u00a0a man on the moon\u00a0by developing\u00a0programs\u00a0certified\u00a0for the purpose.\u00a0No one doubted the quality of the software produced by\u00a0MIT.\u00a0However,\u00a0it\u00a0was the software development\u00a0process that\u00a0required\u00a0an extensive overhaul,\u00a0and NASA\u00a0extensively worked on\u00a0improving\u00a0it.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<br \/><span data-contrast=\"none\">As a result, the\u00a0crucial elements for\u00a0proper software development\u00a0turned out to be:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<br \/><span data-contrast=\"none\">(a)\u00a0Clear\u00a0documentation.<\/span>\u00a0<br \/><span data-contrast=\"none\">(b)\u00a0A\u00a0multi-level\u00a0verification.<\/span>\u00a0<br \/><span data-contrast=\"none\">(c)\u00a0Clear\u00a0definition\u00a0and management of\u00a0the requirements.<\/span>\u00a0<br \/><span data-contrast=\"none\">(d)\u00a0Creation of\u00a0a\u00a0development plan.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<br \/><span data-contrast=\"none\">(e) It became clear as\u00a0day\u00a0that\u00a0more programmers\u00a0do\u00a0not mean faster development.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><img class=\"alignright wp-image-34455\" src=\"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/history-in-hd-e5eDHbmHprg-unsplash-216x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"246\" height=\"342\" \/><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Point (e) also translated in assigning experienced personnel to a project early, rather than using the start of a project for training inexperienced personnel; many NASA managers of software and hardware were learning on the job while in key positions. A\u00a0higher\u00a0management\u00a0involvement\u00a0in the early phases of software design\u00a0will also grant a better cost\u00a0estimation\u00a0and control.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"background-color: var( --e-global-color-2392898 );\" data-contrast=\"none\">As for software\u00a0development, NASA learned that\u00a0specifications can be\u00a0set\u00a0only if an\u00a0early effort at total systems engineering\u00a0is made.\u00a0Changing specifications long after final requirements should have been fixed\u00a0caused\u00a0an increase in\u00a0costs\u00a0and\u00a0problems\u00a0as retooling, memory shortages, and design insufficiencies.<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var( --e-global-color-2392898 );\" data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4569c1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4569c1b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-thegem\"><div class=\"elementor-row\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f2e0dcf\" data-id=\"f2e0dcf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8b8061 flex-horizontal-align-default flex-horizontal-align-tablet-default flex-horizontal-align-mobile-default flex-vertical-align-default flex-vertical-align-tablet-default flex-vertical-align-mobile-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8b8061\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">As NASA stated:<\/span>\u00a0<br \/><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201c<\/span><i>One, if not the most important lesson, is\u00a0that software is more difficult to develop than hardware.<\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d\u00a0(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/history.nasa.gov\/computers\/Ch2-9.html\">Source<\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<br \/><span data-contrast=\"none\">The choice of memory should be software-driven, and designers should develop the\u00a0software needed for\u00a0manned\u00a0spaceflight near the Manned Spacecraft Center:\u00a0the arrangement with MIT reduced\u00a0the\u00a0overall quality and efficiency due to lack of communication\u00a0and the geographical distance between NASA and MIT.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The AGC system served well on the earth-orbital missions, the six lunar landing missions, the three Skylab missions, and the Apollo-Soyuz test project.\u00a0However, its greatest contribution\u00a0was in the way NASA applied the lessons\u00a0it learned on this project in the future software development, leading to the standards we all follow today.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For any further read on this topic, I suggest you\u00a0read\u00a0a detailed article presented by\u00a0NASA\u00a0itself at the following link: <a href=\"https:\/\/history.nasa.gov\/computers\/Part1.html\">https:\/\/history.nasa.gov\/computers\/Part1.html<\/a><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"><a href=\"https:\/\/history.nasa.gov\/computers\/Part1.html\">\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the greatest endeavors of human history would have not been possible without the development of dedicated procedures and methodologies. Today we are going to discover why!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":34551,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-uncategorized-en"],"menu_order":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34449"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34554,"href":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34449\/revisions\/34554"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mmguide.nl\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}